EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Global E-Waste Challenge

E-waste is one of the fastest growing and most hazardous waste streams worldwide. According to the United Nations (UN), in 2021, global e-waste generation reached 57.4 million tons, with each person producing an average of 7.6 kg of electronic waste. However, only 17.4% of this waste was officially recorded as properly collected and recycled. The Global E-Waste Monitor 2024 reported that by 2022, e-waste generation had risen to 62 million tons (7.8 kg per capita), with only 22.3% documented as properly recycled. This growing discrepancy highlights a critical need for more effective waste management strategies worldwide.

E-waste contains valuable materials such as gold, copper, cobalt, and rare earth elements, but improper handling results in significant resource loss and environmental degradation. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimated that 60-90% of the world’s e-waste, worth nearly USD 19 billion, is illegally traded or dumped each year. Additionally, hazardous substances like lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants pose severe health risks, leading to cancers, neurological disorders, and environmental contamination.